The Complete Guide to Being a Litigant in Person

The Complete Guide to Being a Litigant in Person

A litigant in person is someone who represents themselves in court or tribunal proceedings without a lawyer. In England and Wales, you have the right to do this in any court or tribunal.

What Does "Litigant in Person" Mean?

The phrase simply describes a party to legal proceedings who appears without legal representation. Courts also use the term "self-represented party." The abbreviation LiP is common in legal circles.

Will the Court Make Allowances for You?

Judges are aware that litigants in person are not legal professionals and will generally make reasonable allowances for unfamiliarity with procedure and terminology. That said, you are expected to follow the relevant procedural rules, file documents on time and in the correct format, comply with court orders and directions, and conduct yourself appropriately in proceedings.

Where Can You Get Help?

• Citizens Advice: Free general guidance on a wide range of legal problems
• LawWorks: Free legal clinics and pro bono support
• McKenzie Friend: A non-legal adviser who can sit beside you in court
• Direct access barrister: You can instruct one for a single hearing, a written opinion, or to review a document

The Hybrid Approach

The most cost-effective approach for many people is neither full representation nor going entirely alone. Handle the paperwork and procedure yourself, and instruct a barrister for the advocacy. Under the direct access scheme, you can instruct a barrister for a single hearing without engaging them for the whole case.

This article provides general legal information only. It is not formal legal advice and does not create a solicitor-client or barrister-client relationship. If you need advice specific to your circumstances, please consult a qualified legal professional.