Skeleton Arguments for Litigants in Person
What a skeleton argument is, when you need one, how to structure it, and how to use case law effectively. Written for people representing themselves in court in England and Wales.
Skeleton Arguments for Litigants in Person
A skeleton argument is a written document you file with the court before a hearing, setting out the key points of your legal case in a structured format. It is not a full essay or a witness statement. It is a concise framework that helps the judge understand your position before the hearing opens.
When Do You Need One?
They are expected at multi-day trials, preliminary issues hearings, summary judgment or strike-out applications, judicial review hearings, appellate hearings, and any hearing where legal argument rather than pure factual dispute is the focus.
What Should It Contain?
Introduction, background facts, numbered list of issues, legal submissions on each issue with statute and case law references, relief sought, and bundle page references for all documents cited.
Format and Length
Number every paragraph. Font Arial or Times New Roman size 12, 1.5 line spacing, margins at least 2.5cm. Length proportionate to the hearing: five to ten pages for a half-day application, fifteen to twenty-five for a multi-day trial. File by the deadline in your directions order.
Should You Get a Barrister to Draft It?
Drafting skeleton arguments is one of the most common pieces of work a barrister does on a direct access basis. It is a contained, fixed-fee piece of work with a direct impact on the outcome of the hearing.
This article provides general legal information only. It is not formal legal advice and does not create a solicitor-client or barrister-client relationship. If you need advice specific to your circumstances, please consult a qualified legal professional.
Need Professional Legal Help?
This guide is for general information only. For advice tailored to your situation, instruct a Direct Access barrister.